|
Henry Parker (1604–1652) was an English barrister and political writer in the Parliamentarian cause. He was a major figure as a propagandist and pamphleteer, "the most influential writer to defend the parliamentary cause in the 1640s".〔Jeffrey Denys Goldsworthy, ''The Sovereignty of Parliament: History and Philosophy'' (1999), p. 97.〕 He provided the "ideological ballast for resistance", according to Geoffrey Robertson.〔Geoffrey Robertson, ''The Tyrannicide Brief'' (2005), p. 89.〕 He operated on behalf of the "coalition" of aristocrats and gentry who took over in the Long Parliament.〔Glenn Burgess, ''The Politics of the Ancient Constitution: An Introduction to English Political Thought, 1603–1642'' (1993), p. 187.〕 He formulated a theory of sovereignty for the side of Parliament in its conflict with Charles I of England, based on the consent of the people.〔Lawrence Stone, ''The Causes of the English Revolution, 1529–1642'' (1986 edition), p. 53.〕 == Life == He was born in Ratton, Sussex, where his father Sir Nicholas Parker was a justice of the peace and MP. His mother was Kathryn Temple, sister of Sir Thomas Temple, 1st Baronet, of Stowe. Thomas Parker, who represented Seaford in the Long Parliament, was his brother.〔Robert Zaller, ''Henry Parker and the Regiment of True Government'', Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 135, No. 2 (Jun. 1991), pp. 255–285.〕 His background was Winchester College, St Edmund Hall, Oxford (M.A. 1628) and Lincoln's Inn (called to the bar in 1637).〔 He was a nephew, by marriage, and associate of William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele, and his early works are close to the direct political concerns of this patron.〔Richard Tuck, ''Philosophy and Government 1572–1651'' (1993), p. 227.〕〔Jason Peacey, ''Politicians and Pamphleteers: Propaganda During the English Civil Wars and Interregnum'' (2004), pp. 113–5.〕 He was a cousin of the regicide, James Temple. He was secretary to the Parliamentary Army in 1642, and secretary to the House of Commons with John Sadler in 1645.〔''Concise Dictionary of National Biography''〕〔Robert Brenner, ''Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550–1653'' (2003), p. 572.〕 At the same time he was secretary to Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, who emerged in 1642 in a prominent position as Parliamentary military leader.〔.Mendle, p. 22.〕 Parker's ''Observations upon some of his Majesty's late answers and expresses'' (1642) has been called the "single most influential tract of the period".〔Nigel Smith, ''Literature and Revolution in England, 1640–1660'' (1994), p. 179.〕 Correspondence of King Charles and Queen Henrietta Maria was captured after the royalist defeat at the Battle of Naseby in 1645. It was published, 39 letters being made public, edited and annotated by Parker, Sadler and Thomas May, as ''The Kings Cabinet Opened''.〔Gary Schneider, ''The Culture of Epistolarity: Vernacular Letters and Letter Writing in Early Modern England, 1500–1700'' (2005), p. 250.〕 The tactic adopted in this work of mild annotation, allowing Charles's words mostly to speak for themselves, proved itself effective.〔Thomas N. Corns, ''The Royal Image: Representations of Charles I'' (19990, p. 57.〕〔Mendle, p. 25.〕 After the death of Essex, in 1646, he took a position in Germany, as agent in Hamburg for the Merchant Adventurers. From this period dates his economic pamphlet, ''On a free trade'', in support of mercantilism.〔Richard Tuck, ''Philosophy and Government 1572–1651'' (1993), p. 251.〕 He also became concerned with the political and military situation in Ireland. He wrote pamphlets on it, becoming on his return an apologist for Henry Ireton.〔David Farr, ''Henry Ireton and the English Revolution'' (2006), p. 232.〕 From 1649 he was secretary to Oliver Cromwell's army, serving in Ireland, and is presumed to have died there.〔 In 1649, he with Henry Robinson argued for 'engagement', a kind of loyalty oath to be imposed by the victorious Parliamentary side to ensure recognition of its authority.〔Quentin Skinner, ''Conquest and Consent'' p. 86, in G. E. Aylmer, editor, ''The Interregnum'' (1972).〕 He was an opponent of John Lilburne, the Leveller, and wrote in support of jury trial, a system attacked by Lilburne.〔John Hostettler, ''The Criminal Jury Old and New: Jury Power from Early Times to the Present Day'' (2004), p. 61.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henry Parker (writer)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|